10thWYTC Match B 3_4 Playoff 3of4 Canada vs. France =================================================================== | Brd | Open Room | Closed Room | IMP | |-----------------------------------------------------------------| | 1 | 4S S -2 100 | 5CX E -1 100 | | 5 | | 2 | 4H W -1 50 | 4H W -1 50 | | | | 3 | 3NT N +3 490 | 3NT N +2 460 | 1 | | | 4 | 2D S -1 100 | 1NT W -1 100 | | 5 | | 5 | 1NT W = 90 | 1NT W +1 120 | 1 | | | 6 | 3NT S -3 150 | 4H N = 420 | | 11 | | 7 | 4S W +1 650 | 4S W +1 650 | | | | 8 | 2H E +2 170 | 4H E = 420 | 6 | | | 9 | 2H N -1 50 | 4H S -1 50 | | | | 10 | 6H S +1 1460 | 7H S = 2210 | | 13 | | 11 | 3NT W = 400 | 3NT W +1 430 | 1 | | | 12 | 4H E = 420 | 4H E +1 450 | 1 | | | 13 | 3C N = 110 | 3H E -2 200 | | 3 | | 14 | 4S E +2 480 | 4S E +2 480 | | | | 15 | 3NT E +3 490 | 7NTX W -1 100 | | 11 | | 16 | 4S W +2 680 | 4S W +1 650 | | 1 | |-----------------------------------------------------------------| | IMPs this segment: 10 49 | | Carryover: 103 47 | | Total: 113 96 | =================================================================== Board 1 - Dealer North - None vul. S A 8 7 4 H A 9 5 3 D J 8 5 2 C A S Q 9 5 3 S H Q J 4 H K 6 2 D 7 6 D A Q 10 4 3 C 9 8 7 5 C K J 10 4 2 S K J 10 6 2 H 10 8 7 D K 9 C Q 6 3 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 1D 2C 2S Pass 4C Pass 4S Pass Pass Pass Play 1: W HQ HA H2 H7 2: N CA C2 C3 C8 3: N D2 DA D9 D7 4: E H6 H8 HJ H3 5: W H4 H5 HK H10 6: E D4 DK D6 D5 7: S S2 S9 SA D3 8: N S4 C4 S10 SQ 9: W S3 S7 C10 S6 10: N D8 D10 SJ C5 11: S C6 C7 S8 CJ 12: N H9 DQ CQ S5 13: W C9 DJ CK SK 4S by S, down 2, NS: -100 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 1D 2C Dbl 3C 4C 5C Dbl Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Play 1: S DK D6 D5 DA 2: E H6 H7 HQ HA 3: N SA C2 S2 S3 4: E H2 H8 HJ H3 5: W C9 CA C4 C3 6: N DJ DQ D9 D7 7: E CK C6 C5 5CX by E, down 1, NS: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------- 5 imps to France, Canada 103 - France 52 ============================================================= Board 2 - Dealer East - NS vul. S 9 6 2 H A 4 D A Q 9 8 C A 7 5 4 S Q 3 S K J 5 4 H K Q 9 8 6 H J 5 3 2 D K 10 7 3 2 D J C 3 C K 10 8 2 S A 10 8 7 H 10 7 D 6 5 4 C Q J 9 6 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass Pass 1H Dbl 2NT! Pass 3D Pass 3S Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N HA H2 H7 H6 2: N H4 H3 H10 HQ 3: W C3 CA C2 C6 4: N C4 C8 C9 H8 5: W S3 S6 SJ SA 4H by W, down 1, NS: 50 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass Pass 1H Dbl 2NT! 1) Pass 3D Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass 1) 4+!H inv Play 1: N S2 S4 S10 SQ 2: W C3 CA C2 C6 3: N S6 SK SA S3 4: S S8 D3 S9 SJ 5: E DJ D4 D2 DQ 6: N C4 CK C9 D7 7: E H2 H7 HK HA 8: N H4 H3 H10 HQ 4H by W, down 1, NS: 50 ------------------------------------------------------------- No swing, Canada 103 - France 52 ============================================================= Board 3 - Dealer South - EW vul. S 10 4 H A K 4 D A J 2 C A Q 9 6 2 S Q J S K 9 6 2 H Q 9 8 H 7 6 2 D K 6 5 4 3 D 9 8 7 C 10 7 4 C K 8 5 S A 8 7 5 3 H J 10 5 3 D Q 10 C J 3 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass Pass 1C Pass 1S Pass 2NT Pass 3D! Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass Play 1: E H7 HJ HQ HA 2: N C2 C5 CJ C4 3: S C3 C7 CA C8 4: N CQ CK S3 C10 5: E D9 DQ DK DA 6: N D2 D7 D10 D3 7: S H3 H8 HK H2 8: N C9 S2 S5 D4 9: N C6 D8 S7 3NT by N, making 6, NS: 490 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass Pass 1C Pass 2D! 1) Pass 2NT! 2) Pass 3NT! 3) Pass Pass Pass 1) 5!S 4+!H 5-9 2) ask 3) 8-9 5422 Play 1: E H7 HJ HQ HA 2: N C2 C8 CJ C7 3: S C3 C4 CA C5 4: N C6 CK S3 C10 5: E H6 H3 H9 HK 6: N CQ S2 S5 D6 7: N C9 S6 S7 D5 8: N D2 D9 DQ DK 9: W SQ S4 S9 SA 10: S D10 D4 DA D8 11: N DJ D7 S8 D3 12: N H4 H2 H10 H8 13: S H5 SJ S10 SK 3NT by N, making 5, NS: 460 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 imp to Canada, Canada 104 - France 52 ============================================================= Board 4 - Dealer West - Both vul. S A K 4 H A 9 7 3 D Q 9 8 3 C A 10 S J 8 3 S Q 10 6 5 H K J 6 H Q 10 2 D A J 4 D 5 2 C K Q 7 5 C 8 6 4 3 S 9 7 2 H 8 5 4 D K 10 7 6 C J 9 2 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 1C Dbl Pass 1D Pass 2D Pass Pass Pass Play 1: W CK CA C6 C2 2: N C10 C3 C9 CQ 3: W S3 SA S6 S2 4: N DQ D2 D6 D4 5: N D3 D5 D7 DJ 6: W H6 H3 HQ H4 7: E S5 S7 S8 SK 8: N HA H2 H5 HJ 9: N H7 H10 H8 HK 10: W SJ S4 2D by S, down 1, NS: -100 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 1NT Pass Pass Pass Dbl Play 1: N D3 D2 DK DA 2: W H6 H3 H10 H8 3: E C3 C2 CK CA 4: N S4 S5 S9 SJ 5: W HJ H7 H2 H5 6: W CQ C10 C4 C9 7: W S3 SK S6 S2 8: N HA HQ H4 HK 9: N H9 C6 S7 S8 10: N SA S10 D6 C5 11: N D9 D5 D7 DJ 12: W C7 D8 C8 CJ 13: S D10 D4 DQ SQ 1NT by W, down 1, NS: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------- 5 imps to France, Canada 104 - France 57 ============================================================= Board 5 - Dealer North - NS vul. S K Q 10 6 5 4 H A 10 8 D Q 4 C K 8 S A J 9 7 S 8 H Q H K 5 3 D J 9 7 5 D A 8 6 3 2 C 10 7 4 3 C A J 9 5 S 3 2 H J 9 7 6 4 2 D K 10 C Q 6 2 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 1S Dbl Pass 1NT Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N SQ S8 S2 SA 2: W D7 D4 DA D10 3: E D2 DK D9 DQ 4: S S3 S9 S10 C5 5: N SK H3 H2 S7 6: N S6 C9 H4 SJ 7: W DJ H8 D3 H6 8: W D5 H10 D8 H7 9: E D6 H9 C3 C8 10: E CA C2 C4 CK 1NT by W, making 1, NS: -90 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 1S Dbl Pass 1NT Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N SK S8 S3 SA 2: W D5 D4 DA D10 3: E D2 DK D9 DQ 4: S S2 S9 S10 C5 5: N CK CA C2 C3 6: E CJ CQ C4 C8 7: S C6 C10 S5 C9 8: W SJ SQ H3 H2 9: N HA H5 H4 HQ 10: N H10 HK H6 C7 11: E D3 H7 DJ S4 12: W S7 S6 D8 H9 13: W D7 H8 D6 HJ 1NT by W, making 2, NS: -120 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 imp to Canada, Canada 105 - France 57 ============================================================= Board 6 - Dealer East - EW vul. S 10 9 8 5 4 H 10 8 6 4 2 D 5 3 C 5 S 3 S K J 7 2 H J 9 7 3 H D A K 6 4 2 D Q 10 8 7 C 6 3 2 C Q 10 9 7 4 S A Q 6 H A K Q 5 D J 9 C A K J 8 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass 2C Pass 2H 1) Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass 1) Double Negative Play 1: W D4 D3 DQ D9 2: E D7 DJ DK D5 3: W DA S4 D8 S6 4: W D2 S5 D10 C8 5: E S2 SA S3 S8 6: S HA H7 H2 C4 7: S HK H3 H4 S7 8: S HQ H9 H6 C7 9: S CA C2 C5 C9 10: S CK C3 H8 C10 3NT by S, down 3, NS: -150 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass 2D! 1) Pass 2H 2) Pass 2NT! 3) Pass 4D! Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass 1) multi 2) . 3) 24+ bal (GF) Play 1: E C10 CA C6 C5 2: S HA H3 H2 C7 3: S CK C3 D3 C4 4: S C8 C2 H4 C9 5: N D5 D7 D9 DK 6: W HJ H6 D8 HK 7: S DJ D2 H8 D10 8: N S9 S2 SQ S3 9: S CJ D4 H10 CQ 10: N S4 SJ SA H7 4H by N, making 4, NS: 420 ------------------------------------------------------------- 11 imps to France, Canada 105 - France 68 ============================================================= Board 7 - Dealer South - Both vul. S 6 H Q 10 9 5 D Q 10 9 8 4 C Q 7 4 S A K 10 9 8 7 5 S J 4 2 H 3 H K 7 6 4 2 D A 7 D 3 C A K 3 C 10 9 8 6 S Q 3 H A J 8 D K J 6 5 2 C J 5 2 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 1D Dbl 1H Pass 2H 4S Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N S6 S2 S3 S10 2: W SA D4 S4 SQ 3: W H3 H5 HK HA 4: S D2 DA D8 D3 5: W D7 D9 SJ D5 6: E H2 H8 S7 H9 7: W SK D10 C6 D6 8: W S8 H10 H4 DJ 9: W S9 DQ H6 DK 10: W S5 C7 H7 HJ 11: W CA C4 C8 4S by W, making 5, NS: -650 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 1D Dbl 3D! 3H Pass 3S Pass 4S Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N D10 D3 D2 DA 2: W SA S6 S2 S3 3: W SK D9 S4 SQ 4: W H3 H5 HK HA 5: S C2 C3 CQ C6 4S by W, making 5, NS: -650 ------------------------------------------------------------- No swing, Canada 105 - France 68 ============================================================= Board 8 - Dealer West - None vul. S Q 6 2 H 4 2 D J 9 5 C K J 10 6 5 S A 9 4 S K 10 8 3 H J 3 H A Q 10 9 8 6 D Q 8 7 6 2 D K 3 C 9 7 2 C Q S J 7 5 H K 7 5 D A 10 4 C A 8 4 3 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass Pass 1H Pass 1NT Pass 2H Pass Pass Pass Play 1: S S5 S4 SQ SK 2: E D3 D4 DQ D9 3: W HJ H2 H6 HK 4: S S7 S9 S2 S3 5: W H3 H4 HA H5 6: E HQ H7 C2 C5 7: E H10 C3 C7 C6 8: E DK DA D2 D5 9: S SJ SA S6 S8 2H by E, making 4, NS: -170 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass Pass 1H Pass 1NT Pass 3H Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass Play 1: S S5 S4 SQ SK 2: E DK DA D2 D5 3: S S7 S9 S6 S8 4: W HJ H4 H6 HK 5: S SJ SA S2 S3 4H by E, making 4, NS: -420 ------------------------------------------------------------- 6 imps to Canada, Canada 111 - France 68 ============================================================= Board 9 - Dealer North - EW vul. S 6 3 H A Q J 7 6 2 D 7 2 C 9 8 2 S K 10 8 7 4 S A Q J 5 H 10 H K 9 5 3 D Q 9 3 D 10 5 C K 10 7 5 C 6 4 3 S 9 2 H 8 4 D A K J 8 6 4 C A Q J Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 2H Pass Pass Pass Play 1: E D10 D4 DQ D2 2: W SK S6 S5 S2 3: W S4 S3 SJ S9 4: E C3 CJ CK C2 5: W D9 D7 D5 DA 6: S H4 H10 HQ H3 7: N C8 C4 CA C5 8: S H8 D3 HA 2H by N, down 1, NS: -50 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 2D! 1) Pass 2NT! Pass 3S! Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass 1) multi Play 1: W D3 D2 D10 DJ 2: S H4 H10 HA H3 3: N HQ HK H8 C5 4: E C6 CQ CK C2 5: W C7 C8 C4 CJ 6: S DA DQ D7 D5 7: S DK D9 S3 H5 8: E SA S2 S4 S6 9: E C3 CA C10 C9 10: S S9 S10 H2 S5 4H by S, down 1, NS: -50 ------------------------------------------------------------- No swing, Canada 111 - France 68 ============================================================= Board 10 - Dealer East - Both vul. S J 5 H D A K Q 6 5 4 3 C A J 10 9 S K Q 3 2 S 10 9 8 4 H 10 5 2 H 8 7 4 D 9 2 D 10 8 C 7 6 3 2 C Q 8 5 4 S A 7 6 H A K Q J 9 6 3 D J 7 C K Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass 1H Pass 2D Pass 3H Pass 4D Pass 4NT Pass 6D Pass 6H Pass Pass Pass Play 1: W SK S5 S10 SA 2: S HA H5 D3 H4 3: S HK H2 D4 H7 6H by S, making 7, NS: 1460 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass 2C! 1) Pass 2D! 2) Pass 2H! Pass 3D Pass 4H Pass 5C Pass 5S Pass 7H Pass Pass Pass 1) 22-23 bal or 8-8.5 playing tricks 2) relay 7H by S, making 7, NS: 2210 ------------------------------------------------------------- 13 imps to France, Canada 111 - France 81 ============================================================= Board 11 - Dealer South - None vul. S K 4 H A J 9 5 3 D J 9 7 C J 3 2 S 10 9 7 S A Q 8 2 H K Q 6 H 8 2 D K 6 4 3 2 D A 8 C 8 7 C A K Q 9 4 S J 6 5 3 H 10 7 4 D Q 10 5 C 10 6 5 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 3NT by W, making 3, NS: -400 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass Pass 1H Dbl Pass 2D Pass 2H Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N H5 H8 H10 HK 2: W S10 SK S2 S3 3: N S4 SA S5 S9 4: E CA C5 C7 C2 5: E CK C6 C8 C3 6: E CQ C10 D2 CJ 7: E C9 H4 D6 H3 8: E C4 D5 H6 H9 9: E DA D10 D3 D7 10: E D8 DQ DK D9 11: W S7 HJ SQ S6 3NT by W, making 4, NS: -430 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 imp to Canada, Canada 112 - France 81 ============================================================= Board 12 - Dealer West - NS vul. S K 10 8 H J 10 2 D Q 3 2 C Q 9 8 5 S J 2 S A 7 5 H K 9 6 5 H A Q 8 4 D J D K 10 6 C K J 10 4 3 2 C A 7 6 S Q 9 6 4 3 H 7 3 D A 9 8 7 5 4 C Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass Pass 1NT Pass 2C Pass 2H Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass Play 1: S S3 S2 S10 SA 2: E HA H3 H5 H2 3: E HQ H7 H6 H10 4: E H4 D4 HK HJ 5: W C2 C5 CA S4 6: E C6 D5 CJ CQ 7: N SK S5 S6 SJ 8: N DQ DK DA DJ 4H by E, making 4, NS: -420 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass Pass 1NT 2D! 1) Dbl 2) Pass 2H Pass 4H Pass Pass Pass 1) 5+!D + 4+ major 2) takeout Play 1: S S3 S2 S10 SA 2: E HQ H3 H5 H2 3: E HA H7 H6 H10 4: E H4 S4 HK HJ 5: W CJ C5 C6 D4 6: W C2 C8 CA D5 7: E C7 D7 CK C9 8: W C3 CQ 4H by E, making 5, NS: -450 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 imp to Canada, Canada 113 - France 81 ============================================================= Board 13 - Dealer North - Both vul. S 8 6 5 H 10 9 3 D A 7 C A 9 5 3 2 S Q 7 2 S K 9 4 H J 7 5 H A Q 8 6 4 D 10 9 4 D K 6 3 2 C Q J 7 4 C 8 S A J 10 3 H K 2 D Q J 8 5 C K 10 6 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi Pass 1H Dbl Pass 2C Pass Pass 2H 3C Pass Pass Pass Play 1: E C8 C6 CJ CA 2: N D7 DK D5 D4 3: E HA H2 H5 H3 4: E H8 HK H7 H9 5: S D8 D10 DA D2 6: N H10 HQ C10 HJ 7: S CK C4 C2 D3 8: S DJ D9 S5 D6 9: S DQ S2 S6 S4 10: S SA S7 S8 3C by N, making 3, NS: 110 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe Pass 1H Dbl 2H! 1) 3C 3H Pass Pass Pass 1) bad !H raise Play 1: S C6 C4 CA C8 2: N DA D2 D8 D4 3: N D7 DK D5 D9 4: E D3 DJ D10 S6 5: S DQ H7 H9 D6 6: N S8 S4 SA S2 7: S SJ SQ S5 S9 8: W H5 H3 HA H2 9: E H4 HK HJ H10 3H by E, down 2, NS: 200 ------------------------------------------------------------- 3 imps to France, Canada 113 - France 84 ============================================================= Board 14 - Dealer East - None vul. S Q 3 H A J 5 D 9 7 6 4 C 10 8 5 2 S K 10 8 4 2 S A 9 7 6 5 H 10 9 2 H K 4 D K 10 8 2 D Q 3 C Q C A K J 9 S J H Q 8 7 6 3 D A J 5 C 7 6 4 3 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 1S Pass 4S Pass Pass Pass Play 1: S C4 CQ C2 C9 2: W SK S3 S5 SJ 3: W S2 SQ SA 4S by E, making 6, NS: -480 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 1S Pass 3C! 1) Pass 4S Pass Pass Pass 1) 4+ !S 7-9 Play 1: S C6 CQ C8 C9 2: W SK S3 S5 SJ 3: W S2 SQ SA 4S by E, making 6, NS: -480 ------------------------------------------------------------- No swing, Canada 113 - France 84 ============================================================= Board 15 - Dealer South - NS vul. S 2 H 10 9 8 3 D A Q J 7 5 C 9 6 4 S J 10 S A 6 5 4 H 4 H A K Q J 5 2 D K 9 2 D 4 3 C A K Q 10 8 5 2 C J S K Q 9 8 7 3 H 7 6 D 10 8 6 C 7 3 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 2S 3C Pass 3H Pass 3S Pass 3NT Pass Pass Pass Play 1: S D6 D9 DJ D3 2: N S2 SA S3 S10 3: E CJ C3 CA 3NT by E, making 6, NS: -490 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 2D! 1) 3NT Pass 7NT Pass Pass Dbl Pass Pass Pass Pass 1) multi Play 1: N DA D3 D6 D2 2: N D7 D4 D10 DK 3: W CA C4 CJ C3 7NTX by W, down 1, NS: 100 ------------------------------------------------------------- 11 imps to France, Canada 113 - France 95 ============================================================= Board 16 - Dealer West - EW vul. S J 7 2 H K Q J D 10 9 5 C 7 6 4 3 S A K Q 5 3 S 9 8 H 9 H A 7 5 3 D K J 2 D Q 8 7 4 C A Q 9 2 C J 10 5 S 10 6 4 H 10 8 6 4 2 D A 6 3 C K 8 Open Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Gaviard Grainger T Bessis Halasi 1S Pass 1NT Pass 3C Pass 3D Pass 4D Pass 4S Pass Pass Pass Play 1: N HK HA H2 H9 2: E CJ CK CA C3 3: W SA S2 S8 S4 4: W SK S7 S9 S6 5: W SQ SJ H3 S10 4S by W, making 6, NS: -680 ------------------------------------------------------------- Closed Room WEST NORTH EAST SOUTH Demuy J Grenthe Wolpert G Grenthe 1S Pass 1NT Pass 2C Pass 2H! 1) Pass 3D Pass 4S Pass Pass Pass 1) weak w/ 2!S or any Inv Play 1: N HK HA H2 H9 2: E S8 S4 SA S2 3: W DK D5 D4 D3 4: W SK S7 S9 S6 5: W DJ D10 D7 D6 6: W SQ SJ H3 S10 7: W C2 C6 CJ CK 4S by W, making 5, NS: -650 ------------------------------------------------------------- 1 imp to France, Canada 113 - France 96 =============================================================